I-EBM Machining & Electron Beam Machining

In ELECTRON-BEAM MACHINING (EBM) sinama-electron esivinini esiphezulu agxilwe emsebenzini abe umhwamuko futhi agxilise ukushisa kube ucezu oluncane. Ngakho i-EBM iwuhlobo lwe HIGH-ENERGY-BEAM MACHINING technique. I-Electron-Beam Machining (EBM) ingasetshenziselwa ukusika okunembe kakhulu noma ukubhora kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi. Ukuqedwa okungaphezulu kungcono futhi ububanzi be-kerf buncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo zokusika okushisayo. Ama-electron emishini ye-EBM-Machining akhiqizwa ngesibhamu se-electron beam. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Electron-Beam Machining ziyefana nalezo ze-Laser-Beam Machining, ngaphandle kokuthi i-EBM idinga i-vacuum enhle. Ngakho lezi zinqubo ezimbili zihlukaniswa njengezinqubo ze-electro-optical-thermal. I-workpiece ezokwenziwa ngomshini ngenqubo ye-EBM itholakala ngaphansi kwe-electron beam futhi igcinwa ngaphansi kwe-vacuum. Izibhamu ze-electron beam emishinini yethu ye-EBM ziphinde zinikezwe amasistimu okukhanyisa kanye nezibonakude zokuqondanisa ugongolo nocezu lokusebenza. I-Workpiece ifakwe etafuleni le-CNC ukuze izimbobo zanoma yikuphi ukuma zifakwe ngomshini kusetshenziswa isilawuli se-CNC kanye nokusebenza kokuphambuka kwesibhamu kwesibhamu. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhwamuka okusheshayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuminyana kweplani yamandla kugongolo kumele kube phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Amanani afika ku-10exp7 W/mm2 angafinyelelwa endaweni yomthelela. Ama-electron adlulisela amandla awo e-kinetic ekushiseni endaweni encane kakhulu, futhi izinto ezithintwe ugongolo ziyahwamuka ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Impahla encibilikisiwe phezulu ngaphambili, ixoshwa endaweni yokusika ngokucindezela okuphezulu komhwamuko ezingxenyeni ezingezansi. Imishini ye-EBM yakhiwe ngendlela efanayo nemishini yokushisela i-electron beam. Imishini ye-electron-beam ivamise ukusebenzisa ama-voltages ebangeni elingu-50 kuya ku-200 kV ukusheshisa ama-electron aye cishe ku-50 kuya ku-80% wejubane lokukhanya (200,000 km/s). Amalensi kazibuthe umsebenzi wawo osekelwe kumandla we-Lorentz asetshenziselwa ukugxilisa i-electron beam ebusweni bomsebenzi wokusebenza. Ngosizo lwekhompiyutha, uhlelo lokuphambuka kukagesi lubeka ugongolo njengoba kudingeka ukuze kubhojwe izimbobo zanoma yikuphi ukuma. Ngamanye amazwi, amalensi kazibuthe emishini ye-Electron-Beam-Machining alolonga ugongolo futhi anciphise ukuhlukana. Izimbobo ngakolunye uhlangothi zivumela kuphela ama-electron aguquguqukayo ukuthi adlule futhi athwebule ama-electron aphansi ahlukene asuka emiphethweni. Imbobo namalensi kazibuthe ku-EBM-Machines ngaleyo ndlela athuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-electron beam. Isibhamu ku-EBM sisetshenziswa kumodi ye-pulsed. Izimbobo zingabhobolwa emashidini amancane kusetshenziswa i-pulse eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, kumapuleti aminyene, ama-pulse amaningi azodingeka. Ukushintsha ubude bokushaya kwenhliziyo obuphansi obungama-microseconds angu-50 ukuya kuma-milliseconds angu-15 ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa. Ukunciphisa ukushayisana kwama-electron nama-molecule omoya okuholela ekuhlakazeni nasekugcineni ukungcola kube kuncane, i-vacuum isetshenziswa ku-EBM. I-vacuum inzima futhi iyabiza ukuyikhiqiza. Ikakhulukazi ukuthola i-vacuum enhle phakathi kwamavolumu amakhulu namakamelo kufuna kakhulu. Ngakho-ke i-EBM ifaneleka kakhulu izingxenye ezincane ezingena emakamelweni evacuum ahlangene anosayizi ofanele. Izinga le-vacuum ngaphakathi kwesibhamu se-EBM liku-oda lika-10EXP(-4) ukuya ku-10EXP(-6) Torr. Ukusebenzisana kwe-electron beam nesiqephu somsebenzi kukhiqiza ama-X-reyi ayingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kahle kufanele basebenzise imishini ye-EBM. Ngokuvamile, i-EBM-Machining isetshenziselwa ukusika izimbobo ezincane njengo-0.001 inch (0.025 millimeters) ububanzi kanye nezikhala ezincane njengo-0.001 inch ezintweni ezifika ku-0.250 inch (6.25 millimeters) ubukhulu. Ubude besici ubukhulu bobubanzi lapho ugongolo lusebenza khona. I-electron beam ku-EBM ingaba nobude besici obungamashumi ama-microns ukuya ku-mm kuye ngezinga lokugxila kwe-beam. Ngokuvamile, insimbi ye-electron egxile kumandla aphezulu yenziwa ukuthi ifake ucezu lomsebenzi ngosayizi wamabala wama-microns ayi-10 - 100. I-EBM inganikeza izimbobo zamadayamitha ebangeni lama-microns angu-100 kuya ku-2 mm ngokujula okungafika ku-15 mm, okungukuthi, ngokujula/ububanzi besilinganiso esingaba ngu-10. Esimeni semishayo yama-electron engagxilile, ukuminyana kwamandla kungakwehla kuze kube ngu-1. Watt/mm2. Nokho uma kunemishayo egxilile ukuminyana kwamandla kunganyuswa kube amashumi kW/mm2. Njengesiqhathaniso, imishayo ye-laser ingagxila kusayizi wendawo wama-microns ayi-10 - 100 anamandla afinyelela ku-1 MW/mm2. Ukukhishwa kukagesi ngokuvamile kunikeza ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu kakhulu ngamasayizi amabala amancane. I-Beam current ihlobene ngokuqondile nenani lama-electron atholakala ku-beam. I-Beam yamanje ku-Electron-Beam-Machining ingaba ngaphansi njenge-200 microamperes ukuya ku-1 ampere. Ukwenyusa ubude besikhathi se-EBM ye-beam kanye/noma noma ishayela kukhulisa ngokuqondile amandla ngokushaya ngakunye. Sisebenzisa ama-pulses anamandla angaphezu kuka-100 J/pulse ukuze sishicilele izimbobo ezinkulu kumapuleti ashubile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-EBM-machining isinika inzuzo yemikhiqizo engena-burr. Amapharamitha wenqubo athinta ngqo izici zomshini ku-Electron-Beam-Machining yilezi:

 

• I-voltage yokusheshisa

 

• I-Beam yamanje

 

• Ubude be-pulse

 

• Amandla ngeshayela ngalinye

 

• Amandla ngeshayela ngalinye

 

• Ilensi yamanje

 

• Usayizi wendawo

 

• Ukuminyana kwamandla

 

Ezinye izakhiwo zikanokusho zingatholakala kusetshenziswa i-Electron-Beam-Machining. Izimbobo kungenziwa tapered eduze ukujula noma umgqomo ezimise. Ngokugxila ugongolo ngaphansi kobuso, ama-tapers ahlanekezelwe angatholakala. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezifana nensimbi, insimbi engagqwali, i-titanium ne-nickel super-alloys, i-aluminium, amapulasitiki, izitsha zobumba zingenziwa ngomshini kusetshenziswa i-e-beam-machining. Kungase kube khona umonakalo oshisayo ohambisana ne-EBM. Kodwa-ke, indawo ethinteke ukushisa inciphile ngenxa yobude besikhathi esifushane sokushaya kwenhliziyo ku-EBM. Izindawo ezithinteke ekushiseni ngokuvamile ziba phakathi kwama-microns angama-20 kuye kwangama-30. Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-aluminium ne-titanium alloys zisebenza kalula ngomshini uma ziqhathaniswa nensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukwenziwa kwe-EBM akubandakanyi ukusika amandla ezicucu zomsebenzi. Lokhu kuvumela ukwenziwa kwemishini yezinto ezintekenteke neziphukayo yi-EBM ngaphandle kokugoqa okubalulekile noma ukunamathisela njengoba kwenzeka kumasu okwenza imishini. Izimbobo zingabuye zibhojwe ema-engeli angashoni kakhulu njengama-degree angama-20 kuye kwangama-30.

 

 

 

Izinzuzo ze-Electron-Beam-Machining: I-EBM inikeza amanani aphezulu kakhulu wokumba lapho kubholwa izimbobo ezincane ezine-aspect ratio ephezulu. I-EBM ingakwazi umshini cishe noma iyiphi impahla kungakhathalekile ukuthi iziphi izinto zayo eziwumshini. Awekho amandla okusika emishini ahilelekile, ngakho-ke ukubopha umsebenzi, ukubamba kanye nokulungisa izindleko azinakwa, futhi izinto ezintekenteke/eziphukayo zingacutshungulwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Izindawo ezithinteke ekushiseni ku-EBM zincane ngenxa yama-pulses amafushane. I-EBM iyakwazi ukunikeza noma yikuphi ukuma kwezimbobo ngokunemba ngokusebenzisa amakhoyili kagesi ukuchezukisa imishayo yama-electron kanye netafula le-CNC.

 

 

 

Ububi be-Electron-Beam-Machining: Izisetshenziswa ziyabiza futhi ukusebenza nokugcina amasistimu we-vacuum kudinga ochwepheshe abakhethekile. I-EBM idinga izikhathi ezibalulekile zephampu ye-vacuum phansi ukuze kutholwe ingcindezi ephansi edingekayo. Noma indawo ethinteke ukushisa incane ku-EBM, ukwakheka kwesendlalelo sokuphindaphinda kwenzeka kaningi. Iminyaka yethu eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho nolwazi kusisiza ukuba sisebenzise lesi sisetshenziswa esibalulekile endaweni yethu yokukhiqiza.