Ukubunjwa kwengilazi neCeramic & Shaping

Uhlobo lokukhiqiza ingilazi esilunikezayo ingilazi yesiqukathi, ukuvunguza kwengilazi, i-glass fibre & tubing & rod, i-glassware yasekhaya neyezimboni, isibani nesibani, ukubumba ingilazi okunembayo, izingxenye ze-optical kanye nama-assemblies, flat & sheet & float glass. Senza kokubili ukwenza izandla kanye nokwenza umshini. 

Izinqubo zethu zokukhiqiza ze-ceramic ezidumile ziwukucindezela ukufa, ukucindezela kwe-isostatic, ukucindezela okushisayo kwe-isostatic, ukucindezela okushisayo, ukuphonsa ama-slip, ukufakwa kwe-tape cast, ukukhishwa, ukubumba umjovo, umshini oluhlaza, ukucwilisa noma ukudubula, ukugaya idayimane, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hermetic.

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Sincoma ukuthi uchofoze lapha ukuze
LANDA Imifanekiso yethu Eyisikimu Yezinqubo Zokwenza Ingilazi Nezokwakheka yi-AGS-TECH Inc. 

LANDA Imifanekiso yethu Yezinhlelo Zezinqubo Zokukhiqiza Ze-Ceramic by AGS-TECH Inc. 

 

Lawa mafayela alandekayo anezithombe nemidwebo azokusiza uqonde kangcono ulwazi esikunikeza lona ngezansi.

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• UKWENZIWA KWEGLASS CONTAINER: Sine-PRESS AND BLOW ezenzakalelayo kanye nemigqa YOKUBHUZA KANYE NOKUQHUBEKA yokukhiqiza. Enkambweni yokushaywa nokushaywa siphonsa i-gob ibe isikhunta esingenalutho bese sakha intamo ngokusebenzisa ukushaywa komoya ocindezelwe ukusuka phezulu. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokhu, umoya ocindezelwe uphephethwa okwesibili usuka kolunye uhlangothi ngentamo yesiqukathi ukuze wenze isimo sangaphambili sebhodlela. Leli fomu langaphambili libe selidluliselwa esibunjeni sangempela, lishisiswe kabusha ukuze lithambise futhi umoya ocindezelweyo usetshenziswa ukunikeza i-pre-form isimo sayo sokugcina sesitsha. Ngokusobala, iyacindezelwa futhi iphushelwe ezindongeni zesikhunta se-blow ukuze ithathe isimo sayo esifisayo. Okokugcina, isiqukathi sengilazi esakhiwe sidluliselwa kuhhavini oshisayo ukuze sishiswe kabusha futhi kususwe izingcindezi ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubunjwa futhi sipholiswe ngendlela elawulwayo. Endleleni yokucindezela kanye nokushaywa, izigqoko ezincibilikisiwe zifakwa esikhunjini se-parson (isikhunta esingenalutho) bese icindezelwa esimweni se-parson (isimo esingenalutho). Izikhala zibe sezidluliselwa ekukhunjweni okufuthayo futhi zivuthelwe ngendlela efanayo nenqubo echazwe ngenhla ngaphansi kokuthi “Inqubo Yokuvuthela Nokuvuthela”. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezifana ne-annealing kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi ziyefana noma ziyefana. 

 

• UKUPHEPHA NGEGLASI : Besilokhu sikhiqiza imikhiqizo yengilazi sisebenzisa ukufutha ngesandla okuvamile kanye nokusebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe ngezinto ezizenzakalelayo. Kwamanye ama-oda ukuvunguza okuvamile kuyadingeka, njengamaphrojekthi ahilela umsebenzi wobuciko bengilazi, noma amaphrojekthi adinga inani elincane lezingxenye ezinokubekezelelana okuxekethile, amaphrojekthi we-prototyping/demo….etc. Ukufutha kwengilazi okuvamile kuhilela ukucwiliswa kwepayipi lensimbi elingenalutho ebhodweni lengilazi encibilikisiwe nokuzungezisa ipayipi ukuze kuqoqwe inani elithile lempahla yengilazi. Ingilazi eqoqwe esihlokweni sepayipi igoqeka phezu kwensimbi eyisicaba, imise ngendlela efunwa ngayo, ibe yinde, ifudunyezwe futhi ishaywe umoya. Uma isilungile, ifakwa esikhunjeni bese ishaywa umoya. Isikhunta simanzi ukugwema ukuthintana nengilazi ngensimbi. Ifilimu yamanzi yenza njenge-cushion phakathi kwabo. Ukufutha mathupha kuyinqubo ehamba kancane edinga abasebenzi abaningi futhi ifaneleka kuphela ukwenza i-prototyping noma izinto zenani eliphezulu, okungafanelekile ucezu ngalunye lwama-oda evolumu ephezulu.

 

• UKWENZIWA KWEGLASSWARE YASEKHAYA NEYASEMBULWENI : Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zengilazi kukhiqizwa izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezingilazi. Ezinye izibuko azikwazi ukumelana nokushisa futhi zifanele izinto zengilazi zaselabhorethri kuyilapho ezinye zilungele ukumelana neziwashi zokugeza izitsha izikhathi eziningi futhi zilungele ukwenza imikhiqizo yasekhaya. Kusetshenziswa imishini yaseWestlake amashumi ezinkulungwane zezingcezu zezingilazi zokuphuza akhiqizwa ngosuku. Ukwenza lula, ingilazi encibilikisiwe iqoqwa nge-vacuum futhi ifakwe ezikhunjini ukwenza amafomu angaphambili. Khona-ke umoya uphephethwa ezibunjeni, lezi zidluliselwa kwesinye isikhunta futhi umoya uphinde uphephethwe futhi ingilazi ithatha isimo sayo sokugcina. Njengokuphephetha ngesandla, lezi zikhunta zigcinwa zimanzi ngamanzi. Ukwelula okuqhubekayo kuyingxenye yokusebenza kokuqeda lapho intamo ikhiwa khona. Ingilazi eyeqile ishile. Ngemva kwalokho inqubo elawulwayo yokushisisa kabusha nokupholisa echazwe ngenhla iyalandela.  

 

• ITHUBU LEGLASI KANYE NOKWENZIWA KWEZINDUKU : Izinqubo eziyinhloko esizisebenzisela ukukhiqiza amashubhu engilazi izinqubo ze-DANNER ne-VELLO. Ku-Danner Process, ingilazi evela esithandweni iyageleza bese iwela kumkhono othambekele owenziwe ngezinto eziphikisayo. Umkhono uthwalwa ku-shaft ongenalutho ojikelezayo noma ipayipi eliqhumayo. Ingilazi ibe isisongwa emkhonweni bese yenza ungqimba olubushelelezi olugeleza lwehle ngomkhono naphezu kwesihloko se-shaft. Endabeni yokwakhiwa kweshubhu, umoya ushaywa ngepayipi elinesihloko esingenalutho, futhi esimweni sokwakhiwa kwenduku sisebenzisa amathiphu aqinile ku-shaft. Amashubhu noma izinduku zibe sezidonswa phezu kwamarola. Ubukhulu obufana nobukhulu bodonga kanye nobubanzi bamashubhu engilazi bulungiswa kumanani afiselekayo ngokubeka ububanzi bomkhono nokuphephetha umfutho womoya ube inani elifiswayo, ukulungisa izinga lokushisa, izinga lokugeleza kwengilazi kanye nesivinini sokudweba. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ishubhu yengilazi ye-Vello ngakolunye uhlangothi ihilela ingilazi ephuma esithandweni ingene endishini ene-mandrel engenalutho noma insimbi. Ingilazi bese ihamba ngesikhala somoya phakathi kwe-mandrel nesitsha futhi ithatha isimo seshubhu. Ngemva kwalokho ihamba phezu kwamarola iye emshinini wokudweba bese ipholiswa. Ekupheleni komugqa wokupholisa ukusika kanye nokucubungula kokugcina kwenzeka. Ubukhulu beshubhu bungalungiswa njengasenqubo ye-Danner. Uma siqhathanisa inqubo ye-Danner ne-Vello, singasho ukuthi inqubo ye-Vello ifaneleka kangcono ukukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu kanti inqubo ye-Danner ingase ifaneleke kangcono kuma-oda amashubhu evolumu emincane enembile. 

 

• UKUQUBUZWA KWESHIDI NE-FLAT & FLOAT GLASS : Sinenani elikhulu lengilazi eyisicaba ngogqinsi olusukela kogqinsi be-submilimeter ukuya kumasentimitha ambalwa. Izibuko zethu eziyisicaba zicishe zibukeke kahle. Sinikeza ingilazi enezingubo ezikhethekile ezinjengama-optical coatings, lapho inqubo yokubeka umhwamuko wamakhemikhali isetshenziselwa ukubeka izimbotshana ezifana ne-antireflection noma i-mirror coating. Futhi ezinengilazi conductive esobala zivamile. Okunye okutholakalayo ama-hydrophobic noma ama-hydrophilic coatings engilazini, kanye ne-coating eyenza ingilazi izihlanze ngokwayo. Izingilazi eziqinile, ezingangenwa izinhlamvu kanye nezinalayini kusezinye izinto ezidumile. Sinquma ingilazi ibe yisimo esifisayo ngokubekezelela esikufunayo. Eminye imisebenzi yesibili efana nokugoba ingilazi eyisicaba iyatholakala.

 

• UKUBUNDA NGEGLASI NGOKUQINISEKILE : Sisebenzisa le nqubo kakhulu ekwenzeni izingxenye ze-optical ezinembayo ngaphandle kwesidingo samasu abizayo futhi adla isikhathi njengokugaya, ukugxusha nokupholisha. Le nqubo ayihlali yanele ukwenza okungcono kakhulu kwe-optics ehamba phambili, kodwa kwezinye izimo njengemikhiqizo yabathengi, amakhamera edijithali, i-optics yezokwelapha ingaba inketho enhle engabizi kakhulu yokukhiqiza umthamo ophezulu.  Futhi inenzuzo ngaphezu kwamanye amasu okwenza ingilazi lapho kudingeka khona amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, njengasesimweni sama-asphere. Inqubo eyisisekelo ihilela ukulayishwa kohlangothi olungezansi lwesikhunta sethu ngengilazi engenalutho, ukuphuma kwegumbi lenqubo ukuze kukhishwe umoya-mpilo, eduze nokuvalwa kwesikhunta, ukushisisa okusheshayo nokushisayo kwengilazi nokukhanya kwe-infrared, ukuvala okwengeziwe kwama-mold halves. ukucindezela ingilazi ethambile kancane kancane ngendlela elawulwayo ibe ukujiya okufunayo, futhi ekugcineni ukupholisa ingilazi nokugcwalisa igumbi nge-nitrogen nokususwa komkhiqizo. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile, ibanga lokuvala isikhunta, amandla okuvalwa kwesikhunta, ukufanisa ama-coefficients wokunwetshwa kwesikhunta nezinto zengilazi kuyisihluthulelo kule nqubo. 

 

• UKWENZIWA KWEZINXIBO ZOKUBONA YEGLASI KANYE NEMIHLANGANO : Ngaphandle kokubumba ingilazi okunembayo, kunenombolo yezinqubo ezibalulekile esizisebenzisela ukwenza izingxenye ezibonayo zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nama-assemblies okusebenza ngenkani. Ukugaya, ukugxusha kanye nokupholishwa kwezingilazi zebanga elibonakalayo kuma-slurries abrasive akhethekile kuwubuciko nesayensi yokwenza amalensi okubona, amaprism, amaflethi nokunye. Ukucaba komhlaba, ukuguquguquka, ukushelela kanye nezindawo ezikhanyayo ezingenasici zidinga ulwazi oluningi ngezinqubo ezinjalo. Ushintsho oluncane endaweni ezungezile lungaholela ekuphumeni kwemikhiqizo ebekiwe futhi lumise ulayini wokukhiqiza. Kunezimo lapho ukusula okukodwa endaweni ye-optical ngendwangu ehlanzekile kungenza umkhiqizo uhlangabezane nezimfuneko noma uhluleke ukuhlolwa. Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ingilazi ezisetshenziswayo ziyi-silica ehlanganisiwe, i-quartz, i-BK7. Futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezinjalo kudinga isipiliyoni esikhethekile se-niche. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ama-glues akhethekile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-optical contacting iyona engcono kakhulu futhi ayibandakanyi lutho phakathi kwezibuko zamehlo ezinamathiselwe. Iqukethe ukuthintana ngokomzimba izindawo eziyisicaba ukuze zinamathisele komunye nomunye ngaphandle kweglue. Kwezinye izimo izikhala zemishini, izinti zengilazi ezinembayo noma amabhola, izinsimbi noma izingxenye zensimbi ezenziwe ngomshini zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezibonayo emabangeni athile kanye nokuma kwejiyomethri okuthile komunye nomunye. Ake sihlole ezinye zezindlela zethu ezidumile zokukhiqiza ama-optics asezingeni eliphezulu.
 

UKUGAYA NOKUGQOKA & NOKUPHOLISHWA : Umumo omaholoholo wengxenye ye-optical utholakala ngokugaya ingilazi engenalutho. Ngemuva kwalokho ukugoqa nokupholishwa kwenziwa ngokuzungezisa nokuhlikihla izindawo ezimaholoholo zezingxenye ze-optical ngokumelene namathuluzi anomumo odingekayo. Ama-slurries anezinhlayiya ezincane ezi-abrasive kanye noketshezi luthelwa phakathi kwe-optics namathuluzi okubumba. Osayizi bezinhlayiyana ezilumayo kumaslurries anjalo angakhethwa ngokuya ngezinga lokucaba okufunayo. Ukuchezuka kwezindawo ezibonakalayo ezibucayi ukusuka kuzimo ezifunwayo kuvezwa ngokuya ngamaza obude bokukhanya okusetshenziswayo. Ama-optics ethu anembayo aphezulu anokubekezelelwa kwe-wavelength (Wavelength/10) noma okuqinile kungenzeka. Ngaphandle kwephrofayili engaphezulu, izindawo ezibucayi ziyaskenwa futhi zihlolwe ukuze kutholwe ezinye izici ezingaphezulu kanye nokukhubazeka okufana nobukhulu, ukuklwebheka, ama-chips, imigodi, amachashazi...njll. Ukulawulwa okuqinile kwezimo zemvelo endaweni yokukhiqiza okubonakalayo kanye nezidingo ezibanzi ze-metrology nokuhlola ngemishini yesimanjemanje kwenza lokhu kube igatsha lemboni eliyinselele. 

 

• IZINQUBO ZESIBILI EKWENZIWENI KWEGALASI: Futhi, sikhawulelwe ngomcabango wakho kuphela uma kuziwa ezinqubweni zesibili kanye nokuqeda ingilazi. Lapha sibala ezinye zazo:
-Ukugqoka engilazini (optical, kagesi, tribological, thermal, functional, mechanical ...). Njengesibonelo singashintsha izici ezingaphezulu zengilazi siyenze ngokwesibonelo ibonise ukushisa ukuze igcine ingaphakathi lokwakha lipholile, noma yenze uhlangothi olulodwa lubambe i-infrared sisebenzisa i-nanotechnology. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ingaphakathi lezakhiwo lifudumele ngoba ungqimba olungaphezulu lwengilazi olungaphandle luzomunca imisebe ye-infrared ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo futhi ikhanyise ibuyele ngaphakathi. 
-Etching  on glass
-Isetshenziswa ilebula yeCeramic (ACL)
-Ukudweba
-Ukupholishwa komlilo
-Ukupholisha ngamakhemikhali
-Ukufaka amabala

 

UKWENZIWA KWEZOCERAMIKA ZOBUCHWEPHESHE

 

• I-DIE PRESSING : Iqukethe ukuhlangana kwe-uniaxial kwezimpushana eziyimbudumbudu ezivalelwe endaweni

 

• UKUCINDEZELA OKUSHISAYO : Kufana nokucindezela ukufa kodwa ngokwengezwa kwezinga lokushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuminyana. I-powder noma i-preform ehlanganisiwe ifakwa ku-graphite die futhi ingcindezi ye-uniaxial isetshenziswa ngenkathi ukufa kugcinwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu njenge-2000 C. Amazinga okushisa angahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-ceramic powder olucutshungulwayo. Kumajamo ayinkimbinkimbi namajiyometri okunye ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo okufana nokugaya idayimane kungase kudingeke.

 

• UKUCHINZA KWE-ISOSTATIC : Impushana eyimpushana noma ama-die pressed compact afakwa ezitsheni ezingangeni moya bese efakwa emkhunjini ocindezelayo onoketshezi ngaphakathi. Ngemva kwalokho zihlanganiswa ngokukhulisa umfutho womkhumbi wokucindezela. Uketshezi olungaphakathi komkhumbi ludlulisela amandla okucindezela ngokufanayo phezu kwendawo yonke yesiqukathi esingangeni moya. Ngakho-ke impahla ihlanganiswe ngendlela efanayo futhi ithatha isimo sesitsha sayo esiguquguqukayo kanye nephrofayili yayo yangaphakathi nezici. 

 

• Ukucindezela kwe-ISOSTATIC OKUSHISAYO : Kufana nokucindezela kwe-isostatic, kodwa ngaphezu kwesimo segesi esicindezelayo, sifaka i-compact ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ukucindezela okushisayo kwe-isostatic kubangela ukuminyana okwengeziwe namandla anda.

 

• I-SLIP CASTING / DRAIN CASTING : Sigcwalisa isikhunta ngokumiswa kwezinhlayiya ze-ceramic ezinosayizi we-micrometer kanye noketshezi lwenkampani yenethiwekhi. Le ngxube ibizwa ngokuthi "slip". Isikhunta sinezimbotshana ngakho-ke uketshezi olusengxubeni luhlungwa esikhunjeni. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa uhlaka ezindaweni zangaphakathi zesikhunta. Ngemuva kokugcoba, izingxenye zingakhishwa ngaphandle kwesikhunta.

 

• I-TAPE CASTING : Senza amateyipu e-ceramic ngokuphonsa ama-slurries e-ceramic endaweni yenkampani yenethiwekhi eyisicaba. Ama-slurries aqukethe izimpushana ze-ceramic ezixutshwe namanye amakhemikhali ngezinhloso zokubopha nokuthwala. Njengoba izincibilikisi zihwamuka amashidi e-ceramic aminyene futhi aguquguqukayo asala ngemuva angasikwa noma agoqwe ngendlela efunwa ngayo.

 

• UKWAKHIWA KWE-EXTRUSION : Njengakwezinye izinqubo ze-extrusion, ingxube ethambile yempushana ye-ceramic enezibophezelo namanye amakhemikhali idluliswa kufayizi ukuze ithole umumo wayo we-cross-sectional bese isikwa ngobude obufunekayo. Inqubo yenziwa ngezingxube zobumba ezibandayo noma ezishisiwe. 

 

• UKUBUNDA OKUMJOVA WOkucindezela OKUPHANSI : Silungisa ingxube yempushana ye-ceramic enezibophezelo nezincibilikisi bese siyishisisa ezingeni lokushisa lapho ingacindezelwa khona kalula futhi iphoqwe emgodini wamathuluzi. Uma umjikelezo wokubumba usuqedile, ingxenye iyakhishwa futhi ikhemikhali ebophayo iyashiswa. Ngokusebenzisa ukubumba komjovo, singathola izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ngamavolumu aphezulu ngokonga. Izimbobo  eziyingxenye encane yemilimitha odongeni oluwugqinsi olungu-10mm zingenzeka, izintambo zingenzeka ngaphandle komshini oqhubekayo, ukubekezelelana okuqinile njengo-+/- 0.5% kuyenzeka futhi kube phansi nakakhulu lapho izingxenye zilungiswa ngomshini. , ukujiya kwezindonga ngokulandelana kuka-0.5mm kuya kubude obungu-12.5 mm kungenzeka kanye nobukhulu bodonga obungu-6.5mm kuya ku-150mm ubude.

 

• UMSHINI OLUHLAZA : Sisebenzisa amathuluzi ensimbi afanayo, singakwazi umshini izinto zobumba ezicindezelwe ngenkathi zisathambile njengoshoki. Ukubekezelela +/- 1% kungenzeka. Ukuze uthole ukubekezelelana okungcono sisebenzisa ukugaya idayimane.

 

• UKUSAYISA noma UKUDULA : I-Sintering yenza ukuminyana okuphelele kwenzeke. Ukuncipha okuphawulekayo kwenzeka ezingxenyeni ezihlangene eziluhlaza, kodwa lokhu akuyona inkinga enkulu njengoba sicabangela lezi zinguquko zobukhulu lapho siklama ingxenye kanye namathuluzi. Izinhlayiya zempuphu zihlanganiswa ndawonye futhi i-porosity ebangelwa inqubo yokuhlanganisa isuswa kakhulu.

 

• UKUSIYWA KWEDIYAMONI : “Idayimane” elinzima kunawo wonke Emhlabeni lisetshenziselwa ukugaya izinto eziqinile njengezitsha zobumba nezingxenye ezinembayo ezitholakalayo. Ukubekezelela kububanzi be-micrometer kanye nezindawo ezibushelelezi kakhulu ziyafinyelelwa. Ngenxa yezindleko zayo, sicabangela le nqubo kuphela uma siyidinga ngempela.

 

• I-HERMETIC ASSEMBLIES yileyo engavumeli ukushintshana kwezinto, okuqinile, okuwuketshezi noma amagesi phakathi kokuhlangana. Ukuvala uphawu kwe-Hermetic akungeni moya. Isibonelo izindawo ezivalekile ze-electronic hermetic yilezo ezigcina okungaphakathi okubucayi kwedivayisi epakishiwe kungalinyazwa umswakama, ukungcola noma amagesi. Ayikho into engu-100% hermetic, kodwa uma sikhuluma nge-hermeticity sisho ukuthi ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuthi kukhona i-hermeticity ngokwezinga lapho izinga lokuvuza liphansi kakhulu kangangokuthi amadivayisi aphephile ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezivamile isikhathi eside kakhulu. Izingxenye zethu ze-hermetic zihlanganisa insimbi, ingilazi kanye nezakhi zobumba, insimbi-ceramic, i-ceramic-metal-ceramic, insimbi-ceramic-metal, insimbi kuya kwensimbi, ingilazi yensimbi, ingilazi yensimbi, ingilazi-yensimbi, ingilazi- insimbi nengilazi engilazini kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinhlanganisela ze-metal-glass-ceramic bonding. Ngokwesibonelo, singakwazi ukumboza izingxenye ze-ceramic ukuze ziboshwe ngokuqinile kwezinye izingxenye zenhlangano futhi zibe nekhono elihle kakhulu lokuvala. Sinolwazi lokumboza ama-optical fibers noma ama-feedthroughs ngensimbi noma nge-soldering noma ukuwafaka endaweni ezivalekile, ngakho-ke awekho amagesi adlulayo noma avuzayo ezindaweni ezivalekile. Ngakho-ke asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izindawo ezivalekile ze-elekthronikhi ukuze zihlanganise izinto ezibucayi futhi zivikeleke emkhathini wangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwezici zabo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvala, ezinye izici ezifana ne-thermal expansion coefficient, ukumelana nokuguquguquka, imvelo engakhiqizi umoya, impilo ende kakhulu, imvelo engaguquki, izakhiwo zokushisa ezishisayo, imvelo ye-antistatic...njll. yenza ingilazi nezinto ze-ceramic ukukhetha kwezicelo ezithile. Ulwazi ngesikhungo sethu esikhiqiza i-ceramic kuya kokufakwa kwensimbi, ukuvalwa kwe-hermetic, i-vacuum feedthroughs, i-vacuum ephezulu nephezulu kanye nezingxenye zokulawula uketshezi  ingatholakala lapha:Ibhukwana le-Hermetic Components Factory