Phakathi kwenani elikhulu le_cc781905-5cde-3194-BB3B-136Bad5c58d_mechanical Test Amathuluzi_Sihlole , IZIHLOLI ZOKUQINISEKISA, IMISHINI YOKUHLOLA IMICIMBI, IZINTO ZOKUHLOLA I-TORSION, UMSHINI WOKUHLOLA UKUKHATHUKA, AMAPHUZU AMATHATHU & AMANE OKUGOBELA ABAHLOLI, I-ROEGHRIESSNES, I-TESTERS, I-TESTERS, I-TESTERS, i-ROEGHRIESSI, i-TESTERS, i-ROEGHRIESS, i-TESTERS, i-TESTERS, i-ROEGHRIESS, i-TESTERS  PRECISION INDLELA YOKUHLAZIYA. Sinikeza amakhasimende ethu amabhrendi ekhwalithi afana ne SADT, SINOAGE ngamanani angaphansi kohlu.

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Ukuze ulande ikhathalogi ye-metrology yomkhiqizo wethu we-SADT kanye nemishini yokuhlola, sicela UCHOKOZE LAPHA. Lapha uzothola ezinye zalezi zinsiza zokuhlola njengezihloli zikakhonkolo kanye nomhloli wokuqina kwendawo.

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Ake sihlole la madivayisi okuhlola ngemininingwane ethile:

 

SCHMIDT HAMMER / CONCRETE TESTER : This test instrument, also sometimes called a SWISS HAMMER or a REBOUND HAMMER, iyithuluzi lokulinganisa izakhiwo ezinwebekayo noma amandla kakhonkolo noma amatshe, ikakhulukazi ubulukhuni bobuso kanye nokumelana nokungena. Isando sikala ukuphinda kuhlanganiswe kwesisindo esilayishwe entwasahlobo esinomthelela ebusweni besampula. Isando sokuhlola sizoshaya ukhonkolo ngamandla anqunywe kusengaphambili. Ukuphindaphinda kwesando kuncike ekuqineni kukakhonkolo futhi kukalwa ngemishini yokuhlola. Ukuthatha ishadi lokuguqulwa njengereferensi, inani lokubuyela emuva lingasetshenziswa ukucacisa amandla okucindezela. Isando i-Schmidt isikali esingalawuleki esisuka ku-10 siye ku-100. Izando ze-Schmidt ziza nobubanzi obuhlukahlukene bamandla. Amandla azo ahlukene yilawa: (i) Amandla omthelela ohlobo L-0.735 Nm, (ii) Amandla omthelela oHlobo luka-N-2.207 Nm; kanye (iii) namandla omthelela oHlobo lwe-M-29.43 Nm. Ukuhluka kwendawo kusampula. Ukuze unciphise ukuhluka kwendawo kumasampuli kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe ukufundwa futhi uthathe inani lakhona elimaphakathi. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, isando se-Schmidt sidinga ukulinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-anvil yokuhlola ukulinganisa esinikezwe umenzi. Ukufundwa okungu-12 kufanele kuthathwe, kwehle okuphezulu kakhulu nokuphansi, bese kuthathwa isilinganiso sokufundwa okuyishumi okusele. Le ndlela ibhekwa njengesilinganiso esingaqondile samandla wento. Inikeza inkomba esekelwe kuzakhiwo ezingaphezulu ukuze kuqhathaniswe phakathi kwamasampuli. Le ndlela yokuhlola yokuhlola ukhonkolo ilawulwa yi-ASTM C805. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga le-ASTM D5873 lichaza inqubo yokuhlolwa kwetshe. Ngaphakathi kwekhathalogi yethu yomkhiqizo we-SADT uzothola le mikhiqizo elandelayo: DIGITAL CONCRETE TEST HAMMER SADT Models HT-225D/HT-75D/HT-20D_cc78de9005-9cf781905-9cf3b5-53b5-AD5555-781905-9cf5-d5-555-6551 I-HT-225D isando sokuhlola sikakhonkolo sedijithali esihlanganisiwe esihlanganisa iphrosesa yedatha nesando sokuhlola sibe iyunithi eyodwa. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhloleni ikhwalithi engacekeli phansi ukhonkolo nezinto zokwakha. Kusuka kunani layo lokuphinda libophe, amandla okucindezela kakhonkolo angabalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Yonke idatha yokuhlola ingagcinwa kumemori futhi idluliselwe ku-PC ngentambo ye-USB noma ngokungenantambo nge-Bluetooth. Izinhlobo ze-HT-225D ne-HT-75D zinebanga lokulinganisa lika-10 – 70N/mm2, kanti imodeli i-HT-20D ino-1 – 25N/mm2 kuphela. Amandla omthelela we-HT-225D ngu-0.225 Kgm futhi afanele ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo esijwayelekile nokwakhiwa kwebhuloho, amandla omthelela we-HT-75D ngu-0.075 Kgm futhi afanele ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye ezincane nezizwelayo zikakhonkolo nezitini zokwenziwa, futhi ekugcineni. amandla omthelela we-HT-20D ngu-0.020Kgm futhi afanele ukuhlola udaka noma imikhiqizo yobumba.

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IZIHLOLI ZOMPHUMELA: Emisebenzini eminingi yokukhiqiza kanye naphakathi nezimpilo zabo zesevisi, izingxenye eziningi zidinga ukulayishwa ngomthelela. Esivivinyweni somthelela, isampula enoshisiwe sifakwa kusihloli somthelela futhi siphulwa nge-pendulum eshwibayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalolu hlolo: The CHARPY TEST and the_cc781905-5c35bbd-I-TEST_135bb3b3b. Ocwaningweni lwe-Charpy isifanekiso sisekelwa kuzo zombili iziphetho, kanti ekuhlolweni kwe-Izod zisekelwa kuphela endaweni eyodwa njenge-cantilever beam. Kusukela enanini lokushwibeka kwe-pendulum, amandla ahlakazekile ekuphuleni isifanekiso ayatholakala, lawa mandla awukuqina komthelela wento. Sisebenzisa izivivinyo zomthelela, singakwazi ukunquma amazinga okushisa e-ductile-brittle wezinto zokusebenza. Izinto ezinokumelana nomthelela omkhulu ngokuvamile zinamandla aphezulu kanye ne-ductility. Lezi zivivinyo ziphinde zembule ukuzwela kokuqina komthelela wento kukonakala kwendawo, ngoba inothi kusifanekiso ingabhekwa njengesici esingaphezulu.

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I-TENSION TESTER : Izici zokuguqulwa kwamandla kwezinto zinqunywa kusetshenziswa lolu hlolo. Isifanekiso sokuhlola silungiswa ngokuya ngamazinga we-ASTM. Ngokuvamile, izibonelo eziqinile neziyindilinga ziyahlolwa, kodwa amashidi ayisicaba namasampuli amashubhu angase ahlolwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kokuqina. Ubude bangempela besifanekiso yibanga eliphakathi kwamamaki egeji kuwo futhi ngokuvamile ubude bawo bungu-50 mm. Kuchazwa ngokuthi lo. Ubude obude noma obufushane bungasetshenziswa kuye ngezifanekiso nemikhiqizo. Indawo yokuqala ephambanayo ichazwa ngokuthi i-Ao. Ingcindezi yobunjiniyela noma ebizwa nangokuthi ingcindezi yegama bese inikezwa kanje:

 

Sigma = P / Ao

 

Futhi uhlobo lobunjiniyela lunikezwa kanje:

 

e = (l – bheka) / bheka

 

Esifundeni esinwebekayo esiwumugqa, isifanekiso sinwetshwa ngokulingana nomthwalo size sifike emkhawulweni wokulinganisa. Ngalé kwalo mkhawulo, nakuba kungenjalo ngomugqa, i-specimen izoqhubeka nokukhubazeka ngokunwebeka kuze kufike endaweni yokukhiqiza engu-Y. Kulesi sifunda esinwebekayo, impahla izobuyela kubude bayo bokuqala uma sisusa umthwalo. Umthetho kaHooke uyasebenza kulesi sifunda futhi usinika i-Young's Modulus:

 

E = Sigma / e

 

Uma sandisa umthwalo futhi sidlulela ngaphesheya kwephuzu lokukhiqiza Y, impahla iqala ukukhiqiza. Ngamanye amazwi, i-specimen iqala ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki. I-deformation yepulasitiki isho ukuguquguquka okuhlala njalo. Indawo ye-cross-section ye-specimen iyancipha unomphela futhi ngokufanayo. Uma isifanekiso sithululwa kuleli phuzu, ijika lilandela umugqa oqondile uye phansi futhi uhambisane nomugqa wangempela endaweni yokunwebeka. Uma umthwalo uqhubeka ukhuphuka, ijika lifinyelela phezulu futhi liqala ukwehla. Iphoyinti lokucindezeleka eliphakeme libizwa ngokuthi amandla aqinile noma amandla okugcina e-tensile futhi lichazwa njenge-UTS. I-UTS ingahunyushwa njengamandla aphelele wezinto zokwakha. Uma umthwalo umkhulu kune-UTS, ukugoqa kwentamo kwenzeka esibonelweni futhi ukunwetshwa phakathi kwezimpawu zegeji akusafani. Ngamanye amazwi, i-specimen iba mncane kakhulu endaweni lapho intamo yenzeka khona. Ngesikhathi sokulala, ukucindezeleka kwe-elastic kuyehla. Uma ukuhlolwa kuqhubeka, ingcindezi yobunjiniyela yehla ngokuqhubekayo futhi isifanekiso siyaphuka endaweni yentamo. Izinga lokucindezeleka ekuqhekekeni yingcindezi yokuphuka. I-strain endaweni yokuphuka kuyinkomba ye-ductility. I-strain kuze kufike ku-UTS ibizwa ngokuthi i-uniform strain, futhi ukuphakama ekuqhekekeni kubizwa ngokuthi ukuphakama okuphelele.

 

Ubude = ((lf – lo)/lo) x 100

 

Ukwehliswa Kwendawo = ((Ao – Af) / Ao) x 100

 

Ukwelulwa nokwehliswa kwendawo kuyizinkomba ezinhle ze-ductility.

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UMSHINI WOKUHLOLA UKUCHITHA ( COMPRESSION TESTER ) : Kulolu vivinyo, isifanekiso singaphansi komthwalo ocindezelayo ngokuphambene nokuhlolwa kwe-tensile lapho umthwalo uqinile. Ngokuvamile, isampula eqinile ye-cylindrical ibekwa phakathi kwamapuleti amabili ayisicaba futhi acindezelwe. Ngokusebenzisa izinto zokugcoba ezindaweni zokuthintana, into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-barreling iyavinjelwa. Izinga lobunzima bobunjiniyela ekucindezelweni linikezwa ngu:

 

de / dt = - v / ho, lapho i-v iyijubane lokufa, ukuphakama kwesifanekiso sokuqala.

 

Isilinganiso se-strain yeqiniso ngakolunye uhlangothi sithi:

 

de = dt = - v/ h, okuthi h kube ukuphakama kwesifanekiso esisheshayo.

 

Ukugcina izinga lobunzima beqiniso lingaguquki phakathi nokuhlolwa, iplastometer yekhamera ngokusebenzisa isenzo sekhamera yehlisa ubukhulu buka-v ngokulinganayo njengoba ubude besampula h buyehla ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ukusebenzisa ama-duductilities okuhlola ukucindezelwa kwezinto kunqunywa ngokubheka imifantu eyakhiwe endaweni eyi-cylindrical enemigoqo. Olunye uvivinyo olunomehluko kumajiyometri we-die and workpiece yi- PLANE-STRAIN COMPRESSION TEST, okusinika ukucindezelwa kokuvunwa kokusebenza kwendiza okuchazwa kabanzi ngokuthi Y'. Ukucindezelwa kwesivuno sezinto zohlobo lwendiza kungalinganiselwa njengoku:

 

Y' = 1.15 Y

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IZIMSHINI ZOKUHLOLA I-TORSION (TORSIONAL TESTERS) : The TORSION TEST_5195c5819966586566566586586496566566000000000000000000000000000000000000600000006000000000000000000000000000000000 Isampula ye-tubular enesigaba esimaphakathi esincishisiwe sisetshenziswa kulokhu kuhlolwa. Ingcindezi ye-Shear, T inikezwe ngu:

 

T = T / 2 (Pi) (isikwele sika-r) t

 

Lapha, u-T uyitorque esetshenzisiwe, u-r uyindawo emaphakathi futhi u-t uwugqinsi lwesigaba esincishisiwe esimaphakathi neshubhu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi uhlobo lwe-Shear lunikezwa ngu:

 

ß = r Ø / l

 

Lapha u-l ubude besigaba esincishisiwe futhi u-Ø i-engeli yokusonta kuma-radians. Ngaphakathi kobubanzi obunwebekayo, i-shear modulus (modulus of rigidity) ivezwa kanje:

 

G = T / ß

 

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-shear modulus kanye ne-modulus of elasticity yilokhu:

 

G = E / 2( 1 + V )

 

Ukuhlolwa kwe-torsion kusetshenziswa emigoqweni eyindilinga eqinile emazingeni okushisa aphakeme ukuze kulinganiswe ukuqina kwezinsimbi. Lapho izinto ezisontekile zingamelana kakhulu ngaphambi kokwehluleka, ziba yinkohliso.

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THREE & FOUR POINT BENDING TESTERS : For brittle materials, the BEND TEST (also called FLEXURE TEST) kufanelekile. Isifanekiso esinonxande sisekelwa kuzo zombili iziphetho futhi umthwalo usetshenziswa ngokuma mpo. Amandla aqondile asetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi indawo njengasendaweni yomhloli wokugoba wamaphuzu amathathu, noma emaphoyinti amabili njengasendabeni yomshini wokuhlola amaphuzu amane. Ukucindezeleka ekuqhekekeni ekugobeni kubizwa ngokuthi i-modulus yokuphuka noma amandla okuqhekeka okuphambene. Inikezwa ngokuthi:

 

Sigma = M c/I

 

Lapha, u-M umzuzu wokugoba, u-c ingxenye eyodwa yokujula kwesifanekiso futhi mina isikhathi sokungaguquki kwesigaba esiphambene. Ubukhulu bengcindezi buyafana kukho kokubili ukugoba kwamaphuzu amathathu namane lapho wonke amanye amapharamitha agcinwa engashintshi. Ukuhlolwa kwamaphuzu amane kungenzeka kubangele i-modulus ephansi yokuqhekeka uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwamaphuzu amathathu. Okunye ukuphakama kokuhlolwa kokugoba ngamaphuzu amane ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kokugoba kwamaphuzu amathathu ukuthi imiphumela yakhona ihambisana kakhulu nokuhlakazwa okuncane kwezibalo zamanani.

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UMSHINI WOKUHLOLA UKUKHATHUKA: In FATIGUE TESTING, isifanekiso singaphansi ngokuphindaphindiwe ezimeni ezihlukahlukene zengcindezi. Izingcindezi ngokuvamile ziyinhlanganisela ye-tension, compression kanye ne-torsion. Inqubo yokuhlola ingase ifane nokugoba ucezu locingo ngokushintshana ohlangothini olulodwa, bese olunye luze luphuke. I-amplitude yokucindezeleka ingahlukahluka futhi ichazwe ngokuthi "S". Inani lemijikelezo yokubangela ukwehluleka okuphelele kwesifanekiso liyarekhodwa futhi liphawulwe ngokuthi “N”. I-Stress amplitude yinani eliphezulu lokucindezeleka ekucindezelekeni nasekucindezelekeni lapho isifanekiso singaphansi kwayo. Ukuhluka okukodwa kokuhlolwa kokukhathala kwenziwa ku-shaft ejikelezayo enomthwalo ophansi oqhubekayo. Umkhawulo wokubekezela (umkhawulo wokukhathala) uchazwa njengobukhulu. ukubaluleka kokucindezeleka okubalulekile kungamelana ngaphandle kokwehluleka kokukhathala kungakhathaliseki inani lemijikelezo. Amandla okukhathala ezinsimbi ahlobene namandla azo okugcina e-UTS.

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I-COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION TESTER : Lesi sixhobo sokuhlola sikala ukunethezeka lapho izindawo ezimbili ezixhumene zikwazi ukuslayida zidlule kwenye. Kunamanani amabili ahlukene ahlotshaniswa ne-coefficient of friction, okungukuthi i-static coefficient of friction. Ukungqubuzana okuqinile kusebenza emandleni adingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe ukunyakaza phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili futhi ukungqubuzana kwe-kinetic kuwukumelana nokuslayida uma izindawo sezinyakaza okuhlobene. Kudingeka kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele ngaphambi kokuhlolwa nangesikhathi sokuhlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhululeka ekungcoleni, kugrisi nokunye ukungcola okungase kube nomthelela omubi emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa. I-ASTM D1894 iyi-coefficient eyinhloko yezinga lokuhlola ukungqubuzana futhi isetshenziswa izimboni eziningi ezinezinhlelo zokusebenza nemikhiqizo ehlukene. Silapha ukuze sikunikeze imishini yokuhlola efaneleke kakhulu. Uma udinga ukusetha okungokwezifiso okuklanyelwe isicelo sakho, singashintsha okokusebenza okukhona ngokufanele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo nezidingo zakho.

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ABAHLOLI Bokuqina : Sicela uye ekhasini lethu elihlobene ngokuchofoza lapha

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ABAHLOLI BOBUNCIKA : Sicela uye ekhasini lethu elihlobene ngokuchofoza lapha

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ABAHLOLI BEBUHLUNGU BOMHLABA : Sicela uye ekhasini lethu elihlobene ngokuchofoza lapha

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VIBRATION MTERS : Sicela uye ekhasini lethu elihlobene ngokuchofoza lapha

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TACHOMETERS : Sicela uye ekhasini lethu elihlobene ngokuchofoza lapha

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