Ukwelapha Okuphezulu Nokuguqulwa

Imibuso imboza yonke into. Ukukhanga kanye nokusebenza okubonakalayo okusihlinzekayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Therefore SURFACE TREATMENT and SURFACE MODIFICATION are among our everyday industrial operations. Ukwelashwa nokulungiswa kwendawo kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo ezingaphezulu futhi kungenziwa njengokuqeda umsebenzi wokugcina noma ngaphambi kokumboza noma ukuhlanganisa ukusebenza. , lungisa ubuso bezinto nemikhiqizo ukuze:

 

 

 

- Lawula ukungqubuzana nokuguga

 

- Thuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala

 

- Thuthukisa ukunamathela kwezingubo ezilandelayo noma izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe

 

- Shintsha i-conductivity yezakhiwo zomzimba, ukumelana nokuqina, amandla angaphezulu kanye nokuzindla

 

- Shintsha izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zezindawo ngokwethula amaqembu asebenzayo

 

- Shintsha ubukhulu

 

- Shintsha indlela obukeka ngayo, isib, umbala, ukuhwalala... njll.

 

- Hlanza futhi / noma bulala amagciwane endaweni

 

 

 

Ngokusetshenziswa kokwelashwa okungaphezulu nokuguqulwa, imisebenzi kanye nezimpilo zesevisi yezinto zokwakha zingathuthukiswa. Izindlela zethu zokwelashwa ezivamile nezindlela zokuguqula zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili ezinkulu:

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa Nokulungiswa Kwendawo Engaphansi:

 

I-Organic Coatings: Izingubo zemvelo zisebenzisa upende, usimende, amalaminates, izimpushana ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezinto zokugcoba endaweni yezinto.

 

I-Inorganic Coatings: Izigqoko zethu ezithandwayo ze-inorganic ziwukuba yi-electroplating, i-autocatalytic plating (i-electroless plating), okokuguqula, izifutho ezishisayo, ukucwiliswa okushisayo, ukufaka okuqinile, ukuhlanganisa isithando somlilo, okokuhlanganisa ifilimu emincane efana ne-SiO2, i-SiN kunsimbi, ingilazi, izitsha zobumba,….etc. Ngiyacela, ukwelashwa nokulungiswa kwendawo engaphezulu okuhlanganisa ama-coatings kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngaphansi kwemenyu encane ehlobenechofoza lapha Izingubo Ezisebenzayo / Izingubo Zokuhlobisa / Ifilimu Encane / Ifilimu Eminyene

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa Okuphezulu Nokulungiswa Okushintsha Indawo: Lapha kuleli khasi sizogxila kulokhu. Akuwona wonke amasu okwelapha okungaphezulu kanye nokuguqula esiwachaza ngezansi asezingeni elincane noma le-nano-scale, kodwa nokho sizosho ngawo kafushane njengoba izinhloso nezindlela eziyisisekelo zifana nezinga elibalulekile kulezo ezisesikalini sokukhiqiza okuncane.

 

 

 

Ukuqina: Ukuqina kwendawo ekhethiwe nge-laser, ilangabi, induction kanye ne-electron beam.

 

 

 

Ukwelapha Amandla Aphezulu: Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha zethu ezinamandla aphezulu zihlanganisa ukufakwa kwe-ion, i-laser glazing & fusion, nokwelashwa kwe-electron beam.

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa Kokusabalalisa Okuncane: Izinqubo zokusabalalisa ezincane zifaka i-ferritic-nitrocarburizing, i-boronizing, ezinye izinqubo zokusabela kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu njenge-TiC, VC.

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa Kokusabalalisa Okusindayo: Izinqubo zethu zokusabalalisa ezinzima zifaka i-carburizing, i-nitriding, ne-carbonitriding.

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa Okukhethekile Kwendawo: Ukwelashwa okukhethekile okufana nokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic, kazibuthe, kanye ne-sonic kuthinta kokubili indawo engaphezulu nezinto eziningi.

 

 

 

Izinqubo zokuqina ezikhethiwe zingenziwa ngelangabi, induction, i-electron beam, i-laser beam. Ama-substrates amakhulu aqiniswa ngokujulile kusetshenziswa ukuqina komlilo. Ukuqina kwe-induction ngakolunye uhlangothi kusetshenziselwa izingxenye ezincane. Ukuqina kwe-laser kanye ne-electron beam ngezinye izikhathi akuhlukanisiwe kulezo ezifakwe ku-hardfacing noma ukwelashwa okunamandla amakhulu. Lezi zinqubo zokwelashwa nokulungiswa kwendawo zisebenza kuphela ezinsimbi ezinekhabhoni eyanele nengxube yengxubevange ukuvumela ukuqina. Ama-cast irons, izinsimbi ze-carbon, izinsimbi zamathuluzi, nezinsimbi ze-alloy zifanele lokhu kwelashwa kwendawo kanye nendlela yokulungisa. Ubukhulu bezingxenye abushintshiwe kakhulu yilokhu kwelashwa kwendawo eqinile. Ukujula kokuqina kungahluka ukusuka kuma-microns angu-250 kuye kububanzi besigaba sonke. Kodwa-ke, kulo lonke icala lesigaba, isigaba kufanele sibe mncane, sibe ngaphansi kuka-25 mm (1 in), noma sincane, ngoba izinqubo zokuqina zidinga ukupholisa okusheshayo kwezinto, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphakathi komzuzwana. Lokhu kunzima ukufeza kuma-workpieces amakhulu, ngakho-ke ezingxenyeni ezinkulu, izindawo ezingaphezulu kuphela ezingaqiniswa. Njengendlela yokwelapha yendawo edumile kanye nenqubo yokulungisa siqinisa iziphethu, izinsimbi zommese, nezinsimbi zokuhlinza phakathi kweminye imikhiqizo eminingi.

 

 

 

Izinqubo zamandla aphezulu ziyindlela entsha yokwelashwa kwendawo kanye nezindlela zokuyilungisa. Izakhiwo zezindawo ezingaphezulu ziyashintshwa ngaphandle kokushintsha ubukhulu. Izinqubo zethu ezidumile zokwelapha indawo yamandla aphezulu ziwukwelashwa kwe-electron beam, ukufakwa kwe-ion, nokwelashwa kwe-laser beam.

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Electron Beam: Ukwelashwa kwe-electronic beam surface kushintsha izakhiwo ezingaphezulu ngokushisisa ngokushesha nokupholisa ngokushesha — ngokulandelana kwe-10Exp6 Centigrade/sec (10exp6 Fahrenheit/sec) endaweni engashoni kakhulu ezizungeze ama-microns angu-100 eduze nendawo ebonakalayo. Ukwelashwa kwe-electron beam nakho kungasetshenziswa ku-hardfacing ukukhiqiza ama-alloys angaphezulu.

 

 

 

Ukufakwa kwe-Ion: Lokhu kwelashwa okungaphezulu kanye nendlela yokuguqula kusebenzisa i-electron beam noma i-plasma ukuguqula ama-athomu egesi abe ama-ion anamandla anele, futhi ifake/ifake ama-ion ku-athomu ye-athomu ye-substrate, esheshiswa amakhoyili kazibuthe egumbini le-vacuum. I-vacuum yenza kube lula ukuthi ama-ion ahambe ngokukhululeka ekamelweni. Ukungafani phakathi kwama-ion afakiwe kanye nengaphezulu lensimbi kudala ukukhubazeka kwe-athomu eyenza indawo engaphezulu ibe lukhuni.

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Laser Beam: Njengokwelashwa kwe-electron beam surface kanye nokuguqulwa, ukwelashwa kwe-laser beam kushintsha izakhiwo ezingaphezulu ngokufudumeza ngokushesha nokupholisa ngokushesha endaweni engashoni kakhulu eduze kwendawo. Le ndlela yokwelapha nokuguqula ingaphezulu ingasetshenziswa futhi ku-hardfacing ukukhiqiza ama-alloys angaphezulu.

 

 

 

Ulwazi Lwemithamo Yokufakelwa kanye nemingcele yokwelapha kwenza kube nokwenzeka ngathi ukuthi sisebenzise lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezulu kwamandla ezitshalweni zethu zokukhiqiza.

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa Kwendawo Yokuhlukanisa Okuncane:

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I-Ferritic nitrocarburizing iyinqubo yokuqinisa ikesi esakaza i-nitrogen nekhabhoni zibe izinsimbi ezisansimbi emazingeni okushisa angebucayi kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa lokucubungula livamise ukuba ku-565 Centigrade (1049 Fahrenheit). Kulokhu izinga lokushisa ama-steels kanye namanye ama-alloys ayoni asesesigabeni se-ferritic, okuyinzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo zokuqina kwecala ezenzeka esigabeni se-austenitic. Inqubo isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa:

 

•ukumelana ne-scuffing

 

•izimpawu zokukhathala

 

•ukumelana nokugqwala

 

Ukuhlanekezela okuncane kakhulu komumo kwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi okucubungula.

 

 

 

I-Boronizing, inqubo lapho i-boron yethulwa khona ensimbi noma i-alloy. Kuwukuqina kobuso kanye nenqubo yokuguqulwa lapho ama-athomu e-boron asakazwa khona ebusweni bengxenye yensimbi. Ngenxa yalokho ingaphezulu liqukethe i-borides yensimbi, njenge-iron borides kanye ne-nickel borides. Esimeni sawo esimsulwa lawa ma-boride anobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu nokumelana nokugqoka. Izingxenye zensimbi eziboshiwe zimelana kakhulu nokuguga futhi ngokuvamile zizohlala isikhathi esiphindwe kahlanu kunezingxenye eziphathwa ngokwelashwa okujwayelekile kokushisa okufana nokwenza lukhuni, carburizing, nitriding, nitrocarburizing noma induction hardening.

 

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Ukwelashwa Nokulungiswa Kwendawo Enzima Yokuhlukanisa: Uma okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphansi (ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kuka-0.25%) singase sikhulise okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwendawo ukuze kuqiniswe. Ingxenye ingaphathwa ngokushisa ngokucisha oketshezini noma ipholiswe emoyeni onganyakazi kuye ngezakhiwo ezifunwayo. Le ndlela izovumela kuphela ukuqina kwendawo ebusweni, kodwa hhayi phakathi. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kufiseleka kakhulu ngoba kuvumela indawo eqinile enezakhiwo ezinhle zokugqokwa njengakumagiya, kodwa inomongo oqinile wangaphakathi ozokwenza kahle ngaphansi kokulayishwa komthelela.

 

 

 

Kwenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezulu nezindlela zokuguqula, okuyiCarburizing sifaka ikhabhoni phezulu. Sidalula ingxenye emkhathini ocebile weCarbon ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu futhi sivumele ukusakazeka kudlulisele ama-athomu eKhabhoni ensimbi. Ukusabalalisa kuzokwenzeka kuphela uma insimbi inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, ngoba ukusabalalisa kusebenza kumehluko wesimiso sokugxila.

 

 

 

I-Pack Carburizing: Izingxenye zipakishwa endaweni ephakeme ye-carbon medium efana ne-carbon powder futhi zishiswe esithandweni amahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-72 ku-900 Centigrade (1652 Fahrenheit). Kulawa mazinga okushisa kukhiqizwa i-CO gas okuyi-ejenti yokunciphisa enamandla. Ukusabela kokunciphisa kwenzeka ebusweni bensimbi ekhulula ikhabhoni. Ikhabhoni ibe isisakazwa ebusweni ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu. Ikhabhoni engaphezulu ingu-0.7% kuya ku-1.2% kuye ngezimo zenqubo. Ukuqina okuzuziwe kungu-60 - 65 RC. Ukujula kwekesi le-carburized kusuka cishe ku-0.1 mm kuya ku-1.5 mm. Ukupakisha i-carburizing kudinga ukulawula okuhle kokufana kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokungaguquguquki ekushiseni.

 

 

 

I-Gas Carburizing: Kulokhu okuhlukile kokwelashwa okungaphezulu, igesi ye-Carbon Monoxide (CO) inikezwa esithandweni esishisayo futhi ukusabela kokunciphisa ukufakwa kwekhabhoni kwenzeka phezu kwezingxenye. Le nqubo inqoba iningi lezinkinga ze-pack carburizing. Okunye okukhathazayo nokho ukutholakala okuphephile kwegesi ye-CO.

 

 

 

I-Liquid Carburizing: Izingxenye zensimbi zicwiliswa kubhavu ocebile ngekhabhoni encibilikisiwe.

 

 

 

I-Nitriding iwukwelashwa okungaphezulu kanye nenqubo yokuguqula ehilela ukusakazeka kweNitrojeni ebusweni bensimbi. I-nitrogen yakha ama-Nitrides anezici ezifana ne-Aluminium, i-Chromium, ne-Molybdenum. Izingxenye ziphathwa ngokushisa futhi zishiswe ngaphambi kwe-nitriding. Izingxenye zibe sezihlanzwa futhi zishiselwe esithandweni endaweni ye-ammonia ehlukanisiwe (equkethe u-N no-H) amahora angu-10 kuya kwangu-40 ku-500-625 Centigrade (932 - 1157 Fahrenheit). I-nitrogen isakazeka ensimbi futhi yakhe ama-nitride alloys. Lokhu kungena ekujuleni okungafika ku-0.65 mm. Icala linzima kakhulu futhi ukuhlanekezela kuphansi. Njengoba ikesi lincane, ukugaywa okungaphezulu akunconyiwe ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwe-nitriding surface kungase kungabi inketho yezindawo ezinezidingo zokuqeda ezibushelelezi.

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Carbonitriding surface kanye nenqubo yokuguqulwa kulungele kakhulu izinsimbi eziphansi ze-carbon alloy. Enqubweni ye-carbonitriding, kokubili i-Carbon ne-Nitrogen zisakazwa phezulu. Izingxenye zishiselwa emkhathini we-hydrocarbon (njenge-methane noma i-propane) exutshwe ne-Ammonia (NH3). Kalula nje, inqubo iyingxube ye-Carburizing ne-Nitriding. Ukwelashwa kwe-Carbonitriding surface kwenziwa emazingeni okushisa angama-760 - 870 Centigrade (1400 - 1598 Fahrenheit), Bese kucinywa emoyeni wegesi yemvelo (i-Oxygen free). Inqubo ye-carbonitriding ayifanele izingxenye ezinemba okuphezulu ngenxa yokuhlanekezela okungokwemvelo. Ubulukhuni obuzuziwe bufana nokungcwaba (60 - 65 RC) kodwa hhayi phezulu njenge-Nitriding (70 RC). Ukujula kwekesi kuphakathi kuka-0.1 no-0.75 mm. Icala licebile ku-Nitrides kanye ne-Martensite. Ukuthukuthela okulandelayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe ama-brittleness.

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwendawo kanye nezinqubo zokuguqulwa kusezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula futhi ukusebenza kahle kwazo akukakafakazelwa. Kunjalo:

 

 

 

I-Cryogenic Treatment: Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezinsimbini eziqinile, zipholisa kancane kancane i-substrate ibe cishe -166 Centigrade (-300 Fahrenheit) ukuze kwandiswe ukuminyana kwezinto futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukumelana nokuguga nokuzinza kobukhulu.

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa Ngokudlidliza: Lokhu kuhloswe ukukhulula ingcindezi yokushisa eyakhelwe ekwelapheni ukushisa ngokudlidliza futhi kwandise impilo yokuguga.

 

 

 

Ukwelashwa Ngozibuthe: Lokhu kuhloswe ukushintsha ukuhleleka kwama-athomu ezintweni ngozibuthe futhi ngethemba ukuthi kuthuthukise impilo yokuguga.

 

 

 

Ukusebenza kwalokhu kwelashwa okukhethekile kwendawo kanye namasu okuguqula kusazofakazelwa. Futhi lezi zindlela ezintathu ezingenhla zithinta impahla eyinqwaba ngaphandle kwezindawo.